Education and Solidarity: A Path towards Educational Inclusion

Educational inclusion is a process that is immersed in the everyday life of Colombians and that demands of each citizen a significant contribution to make this possible; for this reason, this article aims to review the existing literature on education and solidarity, which are considered complementary concepts to achieve inclusion in the country's institutions. To carry out the review, the Scielo, Dialnety and Redalyc databases were consulted, from which articles covering a time period between 2008 and 2018 were chosen. The results and conclusions show that solidarity can be taught in the school context and it is in turn would allow the formation of a human being willing to dialogue, capable to build alliances and reach agreements that benefit and facilitate coexistence among all, which would strengthen the inclusion process not from the norm, but, from a natural human action

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Educação inclusiva: Uma tendência que envolve escolas rurais

This article aims to reflect on inclusive education in rural schools, a relevant trend as a proposal for change in the educational context, as a space open to transformations and significant skills, from models adjusted to 21st century education. It was oriented from a critical-reflective approach, following the process of thematic exposition and contextualized reflection. As a result, critical reflection reveals the gap between regulations, existing theory and reality in the implementation of inclusive education in the classroom; particularly in rural contexts. It is concluded that the inclusive school faces great challenges in comprehensive care, such as: training in values, pedagogical approach, didactic strategies, inclusive curriculum, physical and technological infrastructure; but, above all, it reveals the lack of an inclusive culture in the academic community; not easy tasks for the rural school, lacking resources and possibilities; but in search of educational quality. Keywords: Educative community; education; inclusive education; rural school; flexibility; participation.Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la educación inclusiva en la escuela rural, una tendencia relevante como propuesta de cambio en el contexto educativo, como espacio abierto a transformaciones y habilidades significativas, desde modelos ajustados a la educación del siglo XXI. Se orientó desde un enfoque crítico-reflexivo, siguiendo el proceso de exposición temática y reflexión contextualizada. Como resultado, la reflexión crítica deja ver el distanciamiento entre la normatividad, la teoría existente y la realidad en la implementación de la educación inclusiva en el aula de clase; particularmente, en contextos rurales. Se concluye que, la escuela inclusiva afronta grandes retos en la atención integral, como: formación en valores, enfoque pedagógico, estrategias didácticas, currículo inclusivo, infraestructura física y tecnológica; pero, ante todo, deja ver la inexistencia de cultura inclusiva en la comunidad académica; tareas nada fáciles para la escuela rural, carente de recursos y posibilidades; pero en busca de la calidad educativa. Palabras claves: Comunidad educativa; educación; educación inclusiva; escuela rural; flexibilidad; participación.tendência relevante como proposta de mudança no contexto educacional, como espaço aberto para transformações e habilidades significativas, desde modelos ajustados à educação do século XXI. Foi orientado a partir de uma abordagem crítico-reflexiva, seguindo o processo de exposição temática e reflexão contextualizada. Como resultado, a reflexão crítica revela a lacuna entre regulamentos, teoria existente e realidade na implementação da educação inclusiva na sala de aula; particularmente em contextos rurais. Conclui-se que a escola inclusiva enfrenta grandes desafios na atenção integral, como: treinamento em valores, abordagem pedagógica, estratégias didáticas, currículo inclusivo, infraestrutura física e tecnológica; mas, acima de tudo, revela a falta de cultura inclusiva na comunidade acadêmica; tarefas não fáceis para a escola rural, carentes de recursos e possibilidades; mas em busca da qualidade educacional. Palavras-chave: Comunidade educativa; Educação; Educação inclusiva; escola rural; flexibilidade; participação

Education and Solidarity: A Path towards Educational Inclusion

Educational inclusion is a process that is immersed in the everyday life of Colombians and that demands of each citizen a significant contribution to make this possible; for this reason, this article aims to review the existing literature on education and solidarity, which are considered complementary concepts to achieve inclusion in the country's institutions. To carry out the review, the Scielo, Dialnety and Redalyc databases were consulted, from which articles covering a time period between 2008 and 2018 were chosen. The results and conclusions show that solidarity can be taught in the school context and it is in turn would allow the formation of a human being willing to dialogue, capable to build alliances and reach agreements that benefit and facilitate coexistence among all, which would strengthen the inclusion process not from the norm, but, from a natural human action

Théâtre et pouvoir

Actes du IVe Colloque International sur le théâtre, domaines hispanique, hispano-américain et mexicain, en France, organisé les 8, 9 et 10 octobre 1998 à l’Université de Perpignan, par le Centre de Recherches Ibériques et Latino-américaines de l’Université de Perpignan

XIV Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. ACTAS

La presente publicación recoge los resúmenes de todas las ponencias presentadas oralmente en la decimocuarta edición del Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo (SIIU), celebrada en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) y presentadas durante los días 16 y 17 de junio de 2022. El Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo tuvo su origen en el año 2007, como iniciativa de un grupo de profesores y doctorandos del Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio de la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya. Este seminario, originalmente interno y dirigido a investigadores en formación, pretendía ser un espacio de encuentro anual de los doctorandos del programa para debatir y recibir feedback sobre sus trabajos. Su condición pionera, como espacio de reflexión en torno a temas sobre la ciudad, el territorio y el paisaje en el ámbito hispanoamericano, provocó que muy pronto excediera el ámbito local y se transformara en un espacio de interés internacional. Por esta razón, a partir de la quinta edición, celebrada en 2013, se realiza cada año de manera conjunta entre la sede de Barcelona (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña) y una sede latinoamericana. Hasta ahora han sido sede del SIIU en América, al otro lado del Atlántico: Buenos Aires, Córdoba (Argentina), Santiago de Chile, Bogotá, São Paulo, Camboriú y Curitiba. Asimismo, a partir del año 2020, el gran interés que estaba generando de este lado del Atlántico impulsa su realización en universidades de la Península Ibérica en conjunto con la UPC. De esta manera, Lisboa fue ese año la sede que, en colaboración con Barcelona, acogió el seminario, con el fin de responder al gran interés que éste tiene en el ámbito lusitano. Y en junio de 2022, Madrid ha sido la sede del seminario en España, con la voluntad de estrechar lazos entre dos de las escuelas de arquitectura más importantes del país, y compartir experiencias y miradas sobre los temas relacionados con el urbanismo. Del otro lado del Atlántico, Curitiba fue la sede latinoamericana que, con gran éxito, celebró la segunda parte del evento en la semana siguiente al evento de Madrid